![]() ResultsĪ total of 154 studies reporting on breast milk calcium were identified, with a mean calcium concentration in breast milk of 261 mg/L (95% CI: 238, 284). The effect of influencing factors were investigated with sub-group analyses and meta-regressions. ![]() Random effects meta-analyses were conducted. Studies reporting the calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breast milk of apparently healthy mothers and infants were included. MethodsĪ systematic search of the online databases Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL was conducted in November 2022 and complemented by searches of the African Journals Online database and the LILACS database, and reference lists. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the calcium, zinc, and vitamin D content in breast milk. Global estimates of calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breastmilk are lacking.
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